Travel risk is arithmetic: months of "future delivery" between charge and trip, and a mass-refund event if anything cancels. Banks place operators who can show the gap is managed — realistic booking windows, insured components, and reserves that actually release. We structure that story before underwriting reads it.
Agencies and tour operators run ~3.3–4.3%. Long-window packages (150+ days out) price the top of band and may carry a seasonal reserve.
Average days-to-departure, supplier agreements (air/hotel), refund waterfall, and whether you hold IATA/ARC or sell as an independent agent.
A 5% reserve during your booking season beats a frozen account in your delivery season. We negotiate release triggers tied to departure dates.